IMarike yeZakhiwo eziLungisiweyo zeHlabathi iya kufikelela kwi-$153.7 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2026. Izindlu ezilungisiweyo, izindlu ezilungisiweyo zezo zakhiwe ngoncedo lwezixhobo zokwakha ezilungisiweyo.
Ezi zixhobo zokwakha zilungiselelwa kwangaphambili kwindawo ethile, zize zithuthwe zisiwe kwindawo efunekayo apho zihlanganiswe khona. Izindlu ezakhiwe kwangaphambili ziyindibaniselwano yendlu yendabuko kunye netekhnoloji. Kwaye ubuncinane i-70% yezakhiwo ezenziwe kwangaphambili zaziwa njengezindlu ezimiselweyo. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuzisusa, ukuzithutha kunye nokwakha ezi zindlu. Xa kuthelekiswa nezindlu zemveli, izindlu ezenziwe ngaphambili zibiza kancinci, zizinzile kwaye zibukeka ngcono. Izixhobo zokwakha ezisetyenziswa ekwakheni izindlu ezenziwe ngaphambili zihlelwe njengezenziwe ngekhonkrithi kunye nezesinyithi.
Ngexesha lengxaki ye-COVID-19, imakethi yehlabathi yeZakhiwo eziLungisiweyo eziqikelelwa kwi-US $106.1 Billion ngonyaka ka-2020, kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kubungakanani obuhlaziyiweyo be-US $153.7 Billion ngo-2026.
Imakethi yeZakhiwo eziSetyenzisiweyo eMelika iqikelelwa kwi-US $20.2 yeebhiliyoni ngonyaka ka-2021. Eli lizwe ngoku lithatha isabelo se-18.3% kwimarike yehlabathi. I-China, uqoqosho lwesibini ngobukhulu kwihlabathi, kulindeleke ukuba ifikelele kubungakanani bemarike obuqikelelweyo be-US $38.2 yeebhiliyoni ngonyaka ka-2026 ilandela i-CAGR ye-7.9% kwixesha lohlalutyo. Phakathi kwezinye iimarike zejografi ezibalulekileyo yiJapan neKhanada, nganye iqikelelwa ukuba iya kukhula nge-4.9% kunye ne-5.1% ngokulandelelana kwixesha lohlalutyo. Ngaphakathi eYurophu, iJamani iqikelelwa ukuba iya kukhula malunga ne-5.5% ye-CAGR ngelixa ezinye iimarike zaseYurophu (njengoko kuchaziwe kuphononongo) ziya kufikelela kwi-US $41.4 yeebhiliyoni ekupheleni kwexesha lohlalutyo.
Ukongeza, ukususela ngo-2021, imakethi yotyalo-mali olubekwe kwangaphambili ibisoloko ikhula, kwaye icandelo lezemali liye lakhokela laza lalandela okufanayo kwiinkampani zangaphakathi ezibekwe kwangaphambili eTshayina.
Uhlalutyo olugunyazisiweyo oluvela kwizangqa zotyalo-mali nezemali lukholelwa ukuba namhlanje, xa uphuhliso lwemizi-mveliso lwaseTshayina lungene kuzo zonke iinkalo zoluntu (ezifana neemoto ezinomyinge wezinto ezingaphezulu kwama-20,000 kunye nezinto esele zenziwe zoshishino, kwaye neendawo zokutyela zaseTshayina ezineenkqubo zemveliso ezintsonkothileyo kunye nokutya okutyebileyo ziye zenziwa zoshishino ngokupheleleyo), Ingcamango yokuhlobisa ubuchwepheshe - ukuhombisa kwangaphambili kuqatshelwa ngakumbi yimali, kwaye ishishini lokuhombisa ngo-2021 liphuhla ngokukhawuleza kwicala le-Industry 4.0.
Olu lwakhiwo olutsha lweteknoloji yemarike yolwandle oluluhlaza (umhombiso wokuhlanganisa), kungekuphela nje phantsi kolindelo olukhulu lwembuyekezo oluzinzileyo, kodwa nakwiimarike ezintsha, amacandelo eemarike ezisakhasayo azise amathuba amatsha kunye nendawo enkulu yokucinga ngemali.
Ingakanani imakethi? Mazizithethele ngokwazo amanani:
Kuyabonakala kuhlalutyo lwedatha ukuba ishishini lezakhiwo zemveli lisaqhubeka nophuhliso oluqinileyo. Ngexesha apho ulawulo lwezifo ezithwaxa ihlabathi kulindeleke ukuba luphucuke ngo-2021 kwaye umjikelo woqoqosho lwasekhaya ukhawuleza, izinga lokukhula kweshishini lezindlu zemveli kulindeleke ukuba likhangeleke ngakumbi.
Kakade ke, kuza kulandela amathandabuzo athile: imakethi inkulu kakhulu kwaye izinga lokukhula liyaqhubeka, indlu yesintu yanamhlanje isashushu kwaye amaza awakapheli, kutheni indlu eyakhiwe kwangaphambili iba yeyona ndlela itsha kakhulu kushishino? Yintoni isizathu esinzulu sale nto?
1.Ukuqonda kweShishini:Abasebenzi Bemizi-mveliso Bayawa Unyaka Nonyaka
Ngokwedatha yoluntu, inani lilonke labasebenzi kwizakhiwo zemveli linyuke ukusuka kwi-11 yezigidi ngo-2005 ukuya kwi-16.3 yezigidi ngo-2016; kodwa ukusukela ngo-2017, inani labasebenzi kwishishini laqala ukwehla. Ekupheleni kuka-2018, inani labasebenzi kwishishini lifikelele kwi-1,300. Abantu abangaphezu kwe-10,000.
2. Inzuzo yabantu kwiimbono zoshishino iyanyamalala
Njengoko kubonisiwe kumfanekiso ongentla, kubonakala ukuba inani labasebenzi liyaqhubeka nokuhla. Bangaphi abasebenzi abazimisele ukungena kushishino lokwakha lwendabuko kwixesha elizayo? Imeko ayintle kangako.
Inzuzo yabantu iyancipha ngokucacileyo unyaka nonyaka, kwaye kukwakho nengxaki yokwaluphala okuqhubekayo kwabasebenzi, kwaye ukwakha ngokwesiko lishishini eliqhelekileyo elinabantu abaninzi.
Kwimihombiso yendabuko emanzi, indawo nganye yokuhombisa yindawo yokusebenzela encinci yokuvelisa, kwaye umgangatho weemveliso uxhomekeke kubuchule babasebenzi bokwakha kwinkqubo nganye efana namanzi, umbane, umthi, iithayile, kunye neoyile.
Ukususela kuhombiso lwendabuko ukuya kuhombiso lwe-intanethi olutsale ingqalelo kwimarike kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, indlela ukungena kwabathengi bokuthengisa okutshintshe ngayo ngokwenene (ukusuka kwi-intanethi ukuya kwi-intanethi), kodwa eneneni, inkqubo kunye namakhonkco eenkonzo azikatshintshi umgangatho. , Inkqubo nganye isaxhomekeke kubasebenzi bokwakha bendabuko, okuthatha ixesha elide, inamakhonkco amaninzi, ukwenza izigqibo ezinzima, kunye neenkqubo ezinde. Ezi ngxaki zemiqobo azikaguqulwa kakhulu.
Phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo, isakhiwo esenziwe ngaphambili esitshintsha ngokuthe ngqo indlela yokuvelisa senze imodeli entsha yokuvelisa kunye nenkonzo. Kuyaqondakala ukuba kuya kuba yingozi kangakanani kulo lonke ishishini.
3.Izinto ezenziwe kwangaphambiliisakhiwoIkrele lokuqonda kweshishini libhekisa kutshintsho lweshishini
Oosomashishini abaninzi abaye bahlola izakhiwo zaseJapan ezenziwe ngaphambili kunye nemihombiso babonise ukuba iJapan iye yakha izakhiwo ezenziwe ngaphambili kakhulu kwaye zigqibelele ngakumbi kuneTshayina, kwaye inemigangatho esemgangathweni kakhulu kunye neenkqubo zokuphunyezwa ngokwemigangatho yokwakha kunye nemigangatho yezinto eziphathekayo. Njengoluntu olukhulileyo olukwindawo ethanda ukunyikima, iJapan ijongene nabemi abalupheleyo kunye nokwehla okukhulu kwabasebenzi bemizi-mveliso ababalaseleyo kakhulu kunabo baseTshayina namhlanje.
Kwelinye icala, eTshayina, ukusukela oko kwaqala uphuhliso olukhawulezileyo lokufudukela ezidolophini ngeminyaka yoo-1990, inani elikhulu labasebenzi abafudukayo liye langena kwisixeko ukuze libonelele ngabasebenzi abangabizi kakhulu bokuhombisa izakhiwo. Ngelo xesha, ubuchwepheshe obusetyenzisiweyo babusemva kakhulu, kwaye kwakukho iingxaki ezininzi zomgangatho, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni ingcamango yokuba izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zilibaleke okwethutyana.
Ukususela ngo-2012, ngenxa yokunyuka kweendleko zabasebenzi kunye nengcamango yokwakhiwa kwemizi-mveliso yezindlu, uhlobo olulungisiweyo luye lwaxhaswa kakhulu yimigaqo-nkqubo yesizwe, kwaye uphuhliso lweshishini luye lwaqhubeka nokufudumala.
Ngokwe "Isicwangciso se-13 seMinyaka emihlanu" seSicwangciso sokuSebenza soKwakha esiSetyenzisiweyo seSebe lezeZindlu noPhuhliso lweeDolophu namaPhandle, ngo-2020, inani lezakhiwo ezisele zenziwe ngaphambili kweli lizwe liza kufikelela ngaphezulu kwe-15% yezakhiwo ezintsha. Ngo-2021, imigaqo-nkqubo emitsha emininzi iya kuqhubeka nokuqaliswa nokuphunyezwa.
4.Ulwazi lweShishini Yintoni elungiselelwe kwangaphambiliisakhiwo?
Isakhiwo esilungisiweyo, esaziwa ngokuba sisakhiwo semizi-mveliso. Ngo-2017, "iMigangatho yoBugcisa yeZakhiwo zeKhonkrithi eziLungisiweyo" kunye "neMigangatho yoBugcisa yeZakhiwo zeNsimbi eziLungisiweyo" ezipapashwe yiSebe lezeZindlu noPhuhliso lweeDolophu namaPhandle zichaze ngokucacileyo ukuhombisa okwenziwe kwangaphambili, yi-Indlela yokufaka edibeneyo ebhekisa ekusebenziseni iindlela zokwakha ezomileyo ukubeka iindawo zangaphakathi ezenziwe ngumzi-mveliso kwindawo leyo.
Umhombiso owenziwe kwangaphambili unengcamango esekwe kwimizi-mveliso yoyilo oluqhelekileyo, imveliso eyenziwe kwimizi-mveliso, ulwakhiwo olwenziwe kwangaphambili, kunye nolungelelwaniso olusekelwe kulwazi.
(1) Indlela yokwakha eyomileyo kukuphepha imisebenzi emanzi efana nokulinganisa i-gypsum putty, ukulinganisa i-mortar, kunye nokubopha i-mortar esetyenziswa kwiindlela zokuhombisa zendabuko, kwaye endaweni yoko kusetyenziswe ii-anchor bolts, izixhasi, izincamathelisi zesakhiwo kunye nezinye iindlela zokufezekisa ulwakhiwo lweNkxaso kunye noqhagamshelwano.
(2) Umbhobho wahlulwe kwisakhiwo, oko kukuthi izixhobo kunye nombhobho azingcwatywanga kwangaphambili kwisakhiwo sendlu, kodwa zizaliswe ngumsantsa ophakathi kweepaneli zodonga ezintandathu zezindlu ezenziwe kwangaphambili kunye nesakhiwo esixhasayo.
(3) Ukuhlanganiswa kweendawo Ukuhlanganiswa kweendawo ezenzelwe wena kukudibanisa iindawo ezininzi ezisasazekileyo kunye nezinto kwindalo enye ngokubonelela ngemveliso ethile, kunye nokufezekisa ulwakhiwo olomileyo ngelixa kuphucula ukusebenza, okulula ukuzisa nokuyihlanganisa. Ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso kweendawo kugxininisa ukuba nangona ukuhombisa okwenziwe kwangaphambili kuyimveliso yemizi-mveliso, kusafuneka kuhlangatyezwane nokwenziwa ngokwezifiso okwenzelwe wena, ukuze kuthintelwe ukucutshungulwa kwesibini kwindawo leyo.
5.Yenziwe kwangaphambiliisakhiwo"kwindawo enzima yefektri kunye nendawo elula" yokuqonda kweshishini
(1) Nika ingqalelo kwindawo ebekwe kuyo uyilo nolwakhiwo.
Ngaphambi kwesigaba soyilo kukuphucula kakhulu iimfuno zamandla oyilo lokudibanisa isakhiwo kunye nokuhombisa isakhiwo. Imodeli yoLwazi lweSakhiwo (i-BIM) sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokuncedisa ekwakheni uyilo oludibeneyo. Kumashishini anokuqokelelana kobuchwephesha kwi-BIM, aya kukwazi ukubonakalisa ngcono iingenelo zawo zokhuphiswano kukhuphiswano lweshishini lokuhombisa olulungiselelwe kwangaphambili.
Ngaphambi kwesigaba sokwakha, ukwakhiwa okunqamlezileyo kunye nesakhiwo esiphambili. Kwindlela yokuhombisa yendabuko, yonke imisebenzi yokwakha igqitywa kwindawo, ngelixa uhombiso olulungisiweyo lwahlula umsebenzi wokwakha wokuqala ube ngamacandelo amabini: ukuveliswa kwezixhobo zomzi-mveliso kunye nokufakelwa kwindawo. Xa kuthelekiswa nendlela yendabuko.
(2) Izinto ezisemgangathweni ophezulu
Isakhiwo esenziwe ngaphambili sahlula isakhiwo sendabuko sibe ziinxalenye ezahlukeneyo, kwaye inkampani yokuhombisa inika iindlela ezahlukeneyo zenxalenye nganye, ngaloo ndlela idala ukwenziwa komntu ngamnye ngokwemigangatho, ngoko ke ukukhetha imveliso "kungaphezulu".
Iinxalenye zenziwa kumzi-mveliso kwaye zifakelwa kuphela kwindawo yazo. Ukuchaneka kokuhombisa kuphucukile kakhulu, impembelelo yezinto ezisetyenziswa ngabantu iyancipha kakhulu, umgangatho wokuhombisa kulula ukuwuqinisekisa, kwaye umgangatho weendawo ungcono kwaye ulungelelene ngakumbi.
(3) Yonke le nkqubo ingcono ngokwendalo kwaye isempilweni.
Njengezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, zonke izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zenziwe efektri, akukho msebenzi umanzi ofunekayo, kwaye izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zinokusingqongileyo kwaye zisempilweni ngakumbi.
Indawo yokwakha yenzelwe ukufakwa kwezixhobo kuphela, zonke zakhiwe ngokwakhiwa okomileyo ngaphandle kokulungiswa kwesibini. Ke ngoko, ixesha lokwakha lifutshane kakhulu xa lithelekiswa nendlela yendabuko. Oku kunjalo kuhlaziyo lwehotele lwesixeko olukwinqanaba lokuqala nelesibini, uhlaziyo olukhawulezileyo lweeofisi, kunye notshintsho olukhulu lwezindlu kunye neeprojekthi zokuhlala. Izinto ezintle kakhulu ezitsala amehlo, kwaye ngokwembono yokusetyenziswa koMthengi kwixesha elizayo, ukuba ukuhombisa nokuhlaziya ikhaya kwixesha elizayo, izixhobo zinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, zisempilweni kwaye isantya sokwakha sisebenza kakuhle, singayi kuthandwa njani ngakumbi kuMthengi?
6.IIingcinga zoshishino ziqikelela ukuba ubungakanani bemarike buza kudlula100ibhiliyoniiUSD
Ngokweemodeli ezifanelekileyo zokubala, kuqikelelwa ukuba ubungakanani bemarike yezakhiwo ezenziwe ngaphambili eTshayina buza kufikelela kwi-100 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2025, kunye nesantya sokukhula kwe-compound yonyaka se-38.26%.
Ubungakanani bemarike budlule kwi-100 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi. Ngomzila wetekhnoloji entsha omkhulu kangaka, loluphi uhlobo lwenkampani olunokwenza ngcono kunelo lonke inkqubo kwaye lukhokele uphuhliso lweli shishini?
Ishishini ngokubanzi likholelwa ukuba ngamashishini amakhulu kuphela adibeneyo aneizakhono zoyilo ezikumgangatho ophezulu (oko kukuthi, izakhono zokumisela imigangatho yesizwe, yengingqi, neyeshishini), izakhono zoyilo kunye ne-R&D, itekhnoloji ye-BIM, imveliso yezixhobo kunye nokukwazi ukubonelelakunyeizakhono zoqeqesho lwabasebenzi bemizi-mvelisoingaba kweli candelo. Zivelele kumzila wetekhnoloji entsha.
Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, izindlu ze-GS ziphantsi kolu hlobo lweshishini elidibeneyo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: 14-03-22