Muchirimo chino, denda reCOVID-19 rakawedzerazve mumatunhu nemaguta mazhinji, chipatara chekugara kwenguva pfupi, icho chaimbokurudzirwa sechiitiko chepasi rose, chiri kutanga kuvaka kukuru mushure mekuvharwa kwezvipatara zvekugara kwenguva pfupi zveWuhan Leishenshan neHuoshenshan.
Komisheni yeNational Health Commission (NHS) yakati zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuti kune zvipatara zviviri kusvika zvitatu zvekuchengetedza varwere mudunhu rega rega. Kunyangwe chipatara chekuchengetedza varwere chisati chavakwa, tinofanira kuva nehurongwa hwekuvaka kuti tive nechokwadi chekuti zvinodiwa nekukurumidza - zvipatara zvechinguvana zvinogona kuvakwa uye kupedzwa mukati memazuva maviri.
Jiao Yahui, director weNHC's Medical Administration Bureau, akataura pamusangano wevatori venhau wakaitwa neState Council's Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism musi wa22 Kurume kuti pari zvino kune zvipatara makumi matatu nezvitatu zvekugara varwere zvakavakwa kana kuti zviri kuvakwa; zvipatara makumi maviri zvekugara varwere zvakavakwa uye gumi nezvitatu zviri kuvakwa, zvine mibhedha inosvika zviuru makumi matatu nezvishanu. Zvipatara izvi zvekugara kwenguva pfupi zvakanyanya muJilin, Shandong, Yunnan, Hebei, Fujian, Liaoning ...
Chipatara chekugara cheChangchun modular
Chipatara chekare muenzaniso wakanaka wekuvaka kwenguva pfupi, nguva yekuvakwa kwechipatara chekare kazhinji haipfuuri vhiki imwe kubva pakugadzirwa kusvika pakupakurwa kwekupedzisira.
Zvipatara zvechinguvana zvinoita basa rekubatanidza vanhu vari vega mudzimba dzavo nekuenda kuzvipatara zvakatarwa, uye zvinodzivirira kutambisa mari yekurapwa.
Muna 2020, zvipatara gumi nezvitanhatu zvekuchengetedza varwere zvakavakwa mukati memavhiki matatu muWuhan, uye zvakarapa varwere vanosvika zviuru gumi nezviviri mumwedzi mumwe chete, uye hazvina kufa varwere uye hapana hutachiona hwevashandi vekurapa. Kushandiswa kwezvipatara zvenguva pfupi kwakaitwawo muUnited States, Germany, Italy, Spain nedzimwe nyika.
Chipatara chechinguvana chakashandurwa kubva pakuva New York Convention and Exhibition Center (Chitubu: Dezeen)
Chipatara chekare chakachinjwa kubva paBerlin Airport muGermany (Chitubu: Dezeen)
Kubva pamatende munguva yekufamba-famba kusvika kudzimba dzekare dzinogona kuonekwa kwese kwese, kusvika kuzvipatara zvechinguvana zvine basa guru mudambudziko reguta nhasi, zvivakwa zvechinguvana zvave nebasa guru munhoroondo yevanhu.
Basa rinomiririra renguva yekuchinja kwemaindasitiri "London Crystal Palace" ndiro chivako chekutanga chenguva pfupi chine kukosha kwekuchinja-chinja kwemamiriro ekunze. Chivako chikuru chenguva pfupi paWorld Expo chakagadzirwa nesimbi negirazi chete. Zvakatora mwedzi isingasviki 9 kuti chipedzwe. Mushure mekupera, chakabviswa ndokuendeswa kune imwe nzvimbo, uye kubatanidzwazve kwakaitwa zvinobudirira.
Crystal Palace, UK (Chitubu: Baidu)
Mugadziri wezvivakwa wekuJapan Noriaki Kurokawa's Takara Beautilion pavilion paWorld Expo ya1970 muOsaka, Japan, aive nematanda akaenzana anogona kubviswa kana kutamiswa kubva pamapfupa esimbi, zvichiratidza danho guru mukuita kuvaka kwenguva pfupi.
Takara Beautilion pavilion (Chitubu: Archdaily)
Nhasi uno, zvivakwa zvenguva pfupi zvinogona kuvakwa nekukurumidza zvinoita basa guru mune zvese kubva padzimba dzenguva pfupi kusvika padanho renguva pfupi, kubva pazvivakwa zvekuyamura vanhu panguva yenjodzi, nzvimbo dzemitambo yemimhanzi kusvika kunzvimbo dzekuratidzira.
01 Kana njodzi ikaitika, zvivakwa zvenguva pfupi zvinova nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza muviri nemweya
Njodzi dzechisikigo dzakakomba hadzifungidzike, uye vanhu vanodzingwa nadzo zvachose. Pakutarisana nenjodzi dzechisikigo nedzakagadzirwa nevanhu, kuvaka kwenguva pfupi hakusi nyore se "uchenjeri hwepakarepo", kwatinogona kuona huchenjeri hwekugadzirira zuva remvura uye mutoro wevanhu pamwe nekutarisira vanhu zviri shure kwekugadzira.
Pakutanga kwebasa rake, mugadziri wezvivako wekuJapan Shigeru Ban akanyanya kutarisa pakudzidza zvivakwa zvenguva pfupi, achishandisa machubhu epepa kugadzira nzvimbo dzekugara kwenguva pfupi dzisingakuvadzi zvakatipoteredza uye dzakasimba. Kubva kuma1990, zvivakwa zvake zvepepa zvinogona kuonekwa mushure mehondo yevagari vemuRwanda muAfrica, kudengenyeka kwenyika muKobe muJapan, kudengenyeka kwenyika muWenchuan muChina, kudengenyeka kwenyika muHaiti, tsunami kuchamhembe kweJapan nedzimwe njodzi. Kuwedzera kune dzimba dzekugara mushure menjodzi, akatovaka zvikoro nemachechi nepepa, kuti avake pekugara kwemweya kwevakaurayiwa. Muna 2014, Ban akahwina Pritzker Prize for Architecture.
Imba yenguva pfupi mushure meNjodzi muSri Lanka (Chitubu: www.shigerubanarchitects.com)
Chivako chenguva pfupi chechikoro cheChengdu Hualin Primary School (Chitubu: www.shigerubanarchitects.com)
Chechi yeMapepa yeNew Zealand (Chitubu: www.shigerubanarchitects.com)
Panyaya yeCOVID-19, Ban akaunzawo dhizaini yakanaka kwazvo. Nzvimbo yekuvharira vanhu inogona kuvakwa nekubatanidza machubhu epepa nemapepa anogona kupatsanura hutachiona, uye nemitengo yakaderera, iri nyore kudzokorodza uye iri nyore kuvaka. Chigadzirwa ichi chakashandiswa senzvimbo yekudzivirira kwenguva pfupi, yekuvharira vanhu uye pekugara muIshikawa, Nara nedzimwe nzvimbo muJapan.
(Chitubu: www.shigerubanarchitects.com)
Kuwedzera paruzivo rwake mukugadzira machubhu epepa, Ban anowanzo shandisa matangi akagadzirwa kare kuvaka zvivakwa. Akashandisa matangi akati wandei kuvaka imba yenguva pfupi yemhuri 188 dzevaJapan vakakuvadzwa, kuyedza mukuvaka matangi makuru. Matangi anoiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana nemakireni uye akabatana netwistlocks.
Zvichibva pamatanho aya eindasitiri, dzimba dzechinguvana dzinogona kuvakwa nekukurumidza munguva pfupi uye dzive nekushanda kwakanaka kwekudengenyeka kwenyika.
(Chitubu: www.shigerubanarchitects.com)
Kunewo kuedza kwakawanda kunoitwa nevagadziri vezvivakwa vekuChina kuvaka zvivakwa zvechinguvana mushure menjodzi.
Mushure mekudengenyeka kwenyika "5.12", mugadziri wezvivakwa Zhu Jingxiang akavaka chikoro chepuraimari chakaparadzwa mutemberi yepuraimari yeSichuan, chikoro chitsva chine nzvimbo ye450 square metres, temberi yevagari vemo, uye vanozvipira vanopfuura 30 vakavaka, chivakwa chikuru chemuviri CHINOSHANDISA keel yesimbi yakareruka, jira rakabatanidzwa rinozadza uye rine simba rekusimbisa chivakwa chose, Chinogona kumira kudengenyeka kwenyika 10. Zvinhu zvekudzivirira kupisa uye zvekuchengetera zvinoshandiswa pamwe chete nekuvakwa kwenhurikidzwa dzakawanda uye kuiswa kwakakodzera kwemasuo nemahwindo kuitira kuti chivakwa chidziye munguva yechando uye chitonhorere muzhizha uye chive nechiedza chezvisikwa chakawanda. Nguva pfupi mushure mekushandiswa kwechikoro, nzira yekuyambuka chitima inofanira kubviswa. Kufamba kwedhizaini yekutanga kunoita kuti chikoro chigone kuvakwazve munzvimbo dzakasiyana pasina marara.
((Chitubu:Archdaily))
Mugadziri wezvivako Yingjun Xie akagadzira "Cooperation House", iyo inoshandisa zvese zviripo sezvinhu zvekuvaka, zvakaita semapazi, matombo, zvirimwa, ivhu nezvimwe zvinhu zvemuno, uye anoronga vagari vemo kuti vatore chikamu mukugadzira nekuvaka, vachitarisira kuwana kubatana kwakabatana kwechivakwa, zvinhu, nzvimbo, runako uye pfungwa yekuvaka inochengetedza magariro. Rudzi urwu rwechivakwa che "cooperation room" chenguva pfupi chakaita basa guru mukuvaka nekukurumidza mushure mekudengenyeka kwenyika.
(Chinobva: Xie Yingying Architects)
02 Zvivakwa zvechinguvana, simba idzva rekuvaka kwakasimba
Nekukura kuri kuita shanduko huru mumaindasitiri, kuvaka kwazvino uye kusvika kwakazara kwenguva yeruzivo, zvivakwa zvikuru uye zvinodhura zvechigarire zvakavakwa munguva pfupi, zvichikonzera marara akawanda ekuvaka asingakwanise kudzokororwa. Kurasika kukuru kwezvinhu kwakaita kuti vanhu nhasi vabvunze kuti kuvaka kwacho "kugara kwenguva refu". Mugadziri wezvivakwa wekuJapan Toyo Ito akambotaura kuti kuvaka kwacho kunofanira kunge kusingachinji uye kuchingoitika kamwe kamwe.
Panguva ino, zvakanakira zvivakwa zvechinguvana zvinoonekwa. Kana zvivakwa zvechinguvana zvapedza basa razvo, hazvizokonzere kukuvadza nharaunda, izvo zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye budiriro yemaguta inoenderera mberi.
Muna 2000, Shigeru Ban nemugadziri wezvivakwa wekuGermany Frei Otto vakagadzira dome rine mapuranga epaipi yeJapan Pavilion paWorld Expo muHannover, Germany, iro rakakwezva kutariswa kwenyika yose. Nekuda kwehunhu hweExpo pavilion kwenguva pfupi, pavilion yekuJapan ichaparadzwa mushure memwedzi mishanu yekuratidzwa, uye mugadziri akafunga nezvenyaya yekudzokorodza zvinhu pakutanga kwedhizaini.
Saka, chikamu chikuru chechivako chakagadzirwa nechubhu yepepa, firimu repepa nezvimwe zvinhu, izvo zvinoderedza kukuvara kwezvakatipoteredza uye zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kudzokorodza zvinhu.
Japan Pavilion paWorld Expo muHannover, Germany (Chitubu: www.shigerubanarchitects.com)
Mukugadzirira chirongwa chitsva chehofisi yenguva pfupi cheXiongan New Area, nzvimbo itsva yedunhu, mugadziri wezvivakwa Cui Kai akashandisa tekinoroji yemakontena kuti agutse zvinodiwa zvekuvaka "nekukurumidza" uye "kwenguva pfupi". Inogona kuchinjika kunzvimbo dzakasiyana uye zvinodiwa zvenzvimbo dzichangobva kushandiswa. Kana paine zvimwe zvinodiwa mune ramangwana, inogonawo kugadziriswa kuti ichinjike nenzvimbo dzakasiyana. Kana chivakwa chapedza basa rayo rekushanda parizvino, chinogona kungobviswa uye kudzokororwa, kuunganidzwazve kune imwe nzvimbo uye kushandiswa zvakare.
Chirongwa cheHofisi Yenguva Pfupi cheXiongan New Area Enterprise (chinobva: Chikoro cheMagadzirirwo eZvivakwa, Tianjin University)
Kubva pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi21, nekuburitswa kwe "Agenda 21 yeOlympic Movement: Sports for Sustainable Development", Mitambo yeOlympic yave yakabatana zvakanyanya nepfungwa yebudiriro inochengetedza nharaunda, kunyanya Mitambo yeWinter Olympics, iyo inoda kuvakwa kwenzvimbo dzekuskiya mumakomo. . Kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti Mitambo inochengetedza nharaunda, Mitambo yeWinter Olympics yapfuura yakashandisa zvivakwa zvenguva pfupi zvakawanda kugadzirisa dambudziko renzvimbo remabasa ekuwedzera.
Mumakwikwi eOlympics echando eVancouver muna 2010, Cypress Mountain yakavaka matende mazhinji enguva pfupi akakomberedza chivakwa chekare chebasa rechando; mumakwikwi eOlympics echando eSochi muna 2014, kusvika ku90% yezvivakwa zvenguva pfupi zvakashandiswa munzvimbo dzeveneer nefreestyle; Mumakwikwi eOlympics echando ePyeongChang muna 2018, inenge 80% yenzvimbo yemukati inopfuura 20,000 square metres muPhoenix Ski Park kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti chiitiko ichi chaitwa, yaive zvivakwa zvenguva pfupi.
Mumitambo yeOlympics yechando yeBeijing muna 2022, Yunding Ski Park muChongli, Zhangjiakou yakaita makwikwi makumi maviri muzvikamu zviviri: freestyle skiing uye snowboarding. 90% yezvinodiwa zvekushanda kweOlympics yechando zvaienderana nezvivakwa zvenguva pfupi, zvine nzvimbo yenguva pfupi inosvika 22,000 Square metres, inenge yasvika padanho rebhuroko diki reguta. Zvivakwa zvenguva pfupi izvi zvinoderedza nzvimbo inogara iripo panzvimbo iyi uye zvinochengetedzawo nzvimbo yekuti nzvimbo yeski irambe ichishanda kuti ishanduke uye ichinje.
03 Kana zvivakwa zvisina zvirambidzo, pachava nemikana yakawanda
Zvivako zvenguva pfupi zvinogara kwenguva pfupi uye zvinoisa zvirambidzo zvishoma panzvimbo nezvinhu, izvo zvinopa vagadziri vezvivakwa mukana wakawanda wekutamba uye kutsanangura patsva simba nehunyanzvi hwezvivakwa.
Serpentine Gallery muLondon, England, hapana mubvunzo kuti ndeimwe yezvivakwa zvechinguvana zvinonyanya kumiririrwa pasi rose. Kubva muna 2000, Serpentine Gallery yakaraira mugadziri wezvivakwa kana boka revagadziri vezvivakwa kuti vavake nzvimbo yezhizha yechinguvana gore rega rega. Nzira yekuwana mikana yakawanda muzvivakwa zvechinguvana ndiyo nyaya yeSerpentine Gallery yevagadziri vezvivakwa.
Mugadziri wekutanga akakokwa neSerpentine Gallery muna 2000 aive Zaha Hadid. Zaha aigadzira tende rake rekusiya chimiro chetende chairo uye kutsanangura patsva zvinoreva basa retende. Serpentine Gallery yemurongi yave ichitevera uye ichivavarira "shanduko nekuvandudzwa" kwemakore mazhinji.
(Chitubu: Archdaily)
Chivakwa chenguva pfupi cheSerpentine Gallery chegore ra2015 chakapedzwa pamwe chete nevagadziri vekuSpain José Selgas naLucía Cano. Mabasa avo anoshandisa mavara akajeka uye akafanana neavana, achiputsa maitiro asina kunaka emakore apfuura uye achiunza zvinoshamisa kuvanhu. Achikurudzirwa nechitima chepasi pevhu chakazara nevanhu muLondon, mugadziri wezvivakwa akagadzira chivakwa ichi segomba guru rehonye, uko vanhu vanogona kunzwa mufaro wehudiki pavanenge vachifamba nepurasitiki inopenya.
(Chitubu: Archdaily)
Muzviitiko zvakawanda, zvivakwa zvenguva pfupi zvine kukosha kwakakoshawo. Pamutambo we "Burning Man" muUnited States muna Nyamavhuvhu 2018, mugadziri wezvivakwa Arthur Mamou-Mani akagadzira temberi inonzi "Galaxia", ine matanda makumi maviri akaumbwa sedenderedzwa, sepasi rose rakakura. Mushure mechiitiko ichi, zvivakwa zvenguva pfupi izvi zvichaparadzwa, semifananidzo yejecha yemandala muTibetan Buddhism, ichiyeuchidza vanhu: koshesai nguva yacho.
(Chitubu: Archdaily)
Muna Gumiguru 2020, pakati pemaguta matatu eBeijing, Wuhan neXiamen, dzimba nhatu diki dzematanda dzakavakwa munguva pfupi. Uku ndiko kuratidzwa kweCCTV "Reader". Munguva yekuratidzwa kwemazuva matatu uye mazuva maviri akatevera ekuvhurwa, vanhu vanosvika 672 vanobva kumaguta matatu vakapinda munzvimbo yekuverenga zvinonzwika kuti vaverenge. Makamuri matatu aya akaona nguva yavakasimudza bhuku ndokuverenga moyo yavo, uye vakaona kurwadziwa kwavo, mufaro, ushingi netariro.
Kunyangwe zvakatora mwedzi isingasviki miviri kubva pakugadzirwa, kuvakwa, kushandiswa kusvika pakuparadzwa, kukosha kwehunhu kwakakonzerwa nechivako chenguva pfupi chakadaro kwakakodzera kufungwa nezvacho nevagadziri vezvivakwa.
(Chitubu: "Muverengi" weCCTV)
Zvawakaona zvivakwa zvenguva pfupi izvi uko kudziya, chitendero chega chega uye zvivakwa zvemazuva ano zviripo, wava neruzivo rutsva rwekuvaka here?
Kukosha kwechivako hakubvi panguva yachinogara kwenguva refu, asi pakuti chinobatsira here kana kuti chinopa vanhu simba. Kubva pamaonero aya, zvinorehwa nezvivakwa zvenguva pfupi mweya usingaperi.
Pamwe mwana akadzivirirwa nechivakwa chenguva pfupi uye akafamba-famba muSerpentine Gallery anogona kuva muhwina wePritzker Prize anotevera.
Nguva yekutumira: 21-04-22