Muri iki gihe, abantu benshi bita ku kugabanya karuboni ku nyubako zihoraho. Nta bushakashatsi bwinshi buri gukorwa ku ngamba zo kugabanya karuboni ku nyubako z'agateganyo ku nyubako z'ubwubatsi. Amashami y'imishinga ku nyubako z'ubwubatsi afite igihe kitarenze imyaka 5 muri rusange akoresha amazu ashobora kongera gukoreshwa, ashobora kongera gukoreshwa. Kugabanya imyanda y'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi no kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere.
Kugira ngo hagabanywe imyuka ihumanya ikirere, iyi dosiye ikora sisitemu ya photovoltaic ihindura ikirere kugira ngo umushinga w’inzu ihindura ikirere utange ingufu zisukuye mu gihe cy’ikorwa ryayo. Sisitemu imwe ya photovoltaic ihindura ikirere ishyirwa ku nyubako y’agateganyo y’ishami ry’umushinga w’aho bubaka, kandi inkunga isanzwe ya photovoltaic hamwe n’igishushanyo cyayo cya photovoltaic bikorwa mu buryo bwa modular, kandi igishushanyo mbonera cya modular gikozwe gifite uburyo runaka bwo gukora ibikoresho bya tekiniki bihuza kandi bihindura ikirere, bishobora gukurwaho kandi bihindura ikirere. Iki gicuruzwa cyongera ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ingufu z’ishami ry’umushinga binyuze mu "ikoranabuhanga rikoresha imirasire y’izuba", bigabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu gihe cy’ikoreshwa ry’inyubako z’agateganyo aho bubaka, kandi bigatanga inkunga ya tekiniki mu kugera ku ntego y’inyubako za carbone hafi ya zeru.
Ingufu zikwirakwizwa ni uburyo bwo gutanga ingufu buhuza umusaruro n'ikoreshwa ry'ingufu biteganyijwe ku ruhande rw'umukoresha, bigabanya igihombo mu gihe cyo kohereza ingufu. Inyubako, nk'ikintu nyamukuru gikoreshwa mu gutanga ingufu, zikoresha ingufu zikomoka ku zuba zikora ku gisenge kugira ngo zikoreshwe, ibi bikaba bishobora guteza imbere iterambere ry'ububiko bw'ingufu zikwirakwizwa no gusubiza intego y'igihugu yo kubika karubone ebyiri n'umushinga wa 14 wa Gahunda y'imyaka itanu. Kwikoresha ingufu z'inyubako bishobora kunoza uruhare rw'inganda z'ubwubatsi mu ntego z'igihugu zo kugabanya karubone ebyiri.
Iyi dosiye yiga ku ngaruka zo gukoresha ingufu z’amashanyarazi zikomoka ku nyubako z’agateganyo mu bwubatsi, kandi isesengura ingaruka zo kugabanya karuboni mu ikoranabuhanga rya modular photovoltaic. Ubu bushakashatsi bwibanda cyane cyane ku ishami ry’umushinga w’amazu yo mu bwoko bwa modular ari aho bubaka. Ku ruhande rumwe, kubera ko aho bubaka ari inyubako y’agateganyo, biroroshye kwirengagizwa mu gikorwa cyo gushushanya. Ikoreshwa ry’ingufu kuri buri gice cy’inyubako z’agateganyo rikunze kuba riri hejuru. Nyuma y’uko igishushanyo mbonera gikozwe neza, imyuka ihumanya ikirere ishobora kugabanuka neza. Ku rundi ruhande, inyubako z’agateganyo n’ibikoresho bya modular photovoltaic bishobora kongera gukoreshwa. Uretse ingufu zikomoka ku zubaka kugira ngo bigabanye imyuka ihumanya ikirere, kongera gukoresha ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi bigabanya cyane imyuka ihumanya ikirere.
Ikoranabuhanga rya "Kubika imirasire y'izuba, guhindura imiterere yayo mu buryo butaziguye" ni uburyo bw'ingenzi mu bya tekiniki n'uburyo bwiza bwo kugera ku igabanuka rya karuboni mu nyubako
Kuri ubu, Ubushinwa burimo guhindura imiterere y’ingufu no guteza imbere iterambere ry’ingufu nke za karuboni. Muri Nzeri 2020, Perezida Xi Jinping yatanze intego y’ingufu ebyiri za karuboni mu nama ya 75 y’Inteko Rusange y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye. Ubushinwa buzagera ku rwego rwo hejuru mu ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bya karuboni bitarenze 2030 kandi bugere ku igabanuka rya karuboni bitarenze 2060. "Ibyifuzo bya Komite Nkuru y’Ishyaka rya Gikomunisiti ry’Ubushinwa ku gushyiraho gahunda ya cumi n’ine y’imyaka itanu y’iterambere ry’ubukungu n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage n’intego z’igihe kirekire za 2035" byagaragaje ko ari ngombwa guteza imbere impinduramatwara y’ingufu, kunoza ubushobozi bwo gukoresha ingufu nshya no kuzibika; kwihutisha guteza imbere iterambere ry’ingufu nke za karuboni, guteza imbere inyubako zibungabunga ibidukikije no kugabanya imbaraga z’ingufu za karuboni. Bibanze ku ntego ebyiri za karuboni zitarimo karuboni n’ibyifuzo bya Gahunda ya 14 y’imyaka itanu, za minisiteri zitandukanye z’igihugu na komisiyo zashyizeho politiki zihariye zo guteza imbere, muri zo harimo ingufu zikwirakwizwa n’ububiko bw’ingufu zikwirakwizwa ari byo byerekezo by’ingenzi by’iterambere.
Dukurikije imibare, imyuka ihumanya ikirere ituruka mu nyubako ingana na 22% by'imyuka yose ihumanya ikirere mu gihugu. Ingufu zikoreshwa kuri buri gice cy'inyubako rusange ziyongereye bitewe n'uko hubakwa inyubako nini n'izinini zubatswe vuba mu mijyi mu myaka yashize. Kubwibyo, kutagira karuboni mu nyubako ni igice cyingenzi cy'igihugu kugira ngo habeho kutagira karuboni. Kimwe mu byerekezo by'ingenzi by'inganda z'ubwubatsi mu rwego rwo guhangana n'ingamba z'igihugu zo kudakoresha karuboni ni ukubaka sisitemu nshya y'amashanyarazi ya "'photovoltaic + charger y'inzira ebyiri + DC + flexible control' (photovoltaic storage direct flexible)" mu gihe cy'amashanyarazi yuzuye mu nganda z'ubwubatsi. Bivugwa ko ikoranabuhanga rya "solar-storage direct flexible" rishobora kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere ku kigero cya 25% mu nyubako. Kubwibyo, ikoranabuhanga rya "solar-storage direct-flexibility" ni ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi ryo kugabanya ihindagurika ry'amashanyarazi mu nyubako, kubona ingufu nyinshi zishobora kuvugururwa, no kunoza imikorere myiza y'amashanyarazi y'inyubako z'ejo hazaza. Ni uburyo bw'ingenzi bwa tekiniki n'uburyo bwiza bwo kugera ku kutagira karuboni mu nyubako.
Sisitemu ya Photovoltaic ya Modular
Inyubako z'agateganyo ziri aho zubakwa ahanini zikoresha amazu yo mu bwoko bwa modular ashobora kongera gukoreshwa, bityo sisitemu ya modular photovoltaic modular ishobora no guhindurwa yagenewe amazu yo mu bwoko bwa modular. Iyi porogaramu y'ubwubatsi bw'igihe gito ya photovoltaic ikoresha modularization mu gushushanya ibikoresho bisanzwe bya photovoltaic na sisitemu ya photovoltaic. Ubwa mbere, ishingiye ku bipimo bibiri: inzu isanzwe (6 × 3 × 3) n'inzu y'inzira (6 × 2 × 3), imiterere ya photovoltaic ikorwa mu buryo bw'amatafari hejuru y'inzu yo mu bwoko bwa modular, kandi panels za silicon photovoltaic za monocrystalline zishyirwa kuri buri gikoresho gisanzwe. Photovoltaic ishyirwa ku gishyigikizo cya photovoltaic kiri hepfo kugira ngo habeho igice cya modular photovoltaic, gishyirwa hejuru muri rusange kugira ngo cyorohereze ubwikorezi n'ihindagurika ry'ikirere.
Sisitemu yo kubyaza ingufu za photovoltaic igizwe ahanini na modules za photovoltaic, imashini ihuza inverter control, na bateri pack. Itsinda ry'ibicuruzwa rigizwe n'inzu ebyiri zisanzwe n'inzu imwe yo mu nzira kugira ngo bibe igice kimwe, kandi ibice bitandatu by'ibice bihurizwa mu bice bitandukanye by'ishami ry'umushinga, kugira ngo bihuze n'imiterere y'aho ishami ry'umushinga riherereye kandi bikore gahunda y'umushinga wa zero-carbon. Ibikoresho bya modular bishobora guhindurwa kandi bigahuzwa ku buryo bw'ubuntu n'imishinga n'ahantu runaka, kandi bigakoresha ikoranabuhanga rya BIPV kugira ngo bigabanye imyuka ihumanya ikirere ya sisitemu rusange y'ingufu z'inyubako z'ishami ry'umushinga, bitanga amahirwe ku nyubako rusange mu turere dutandukanye no mu bihe bitandukanye byo mu kirere kugira ngo bagere ku ntego zidafite karuboni. Inzira ya tekiniki yo kwifashisha.
1. Igishushanyo mbonera cy'uburyo
Igishushanyo mbonera cya Modular gikozwe hamwe na module za metero 6 × 3 na metero 6 × 2 kugira ngo bigende neza kandi bikoreshwe mu buryo bworoshye. Gitanga icyizere cyo kumanuka kw'ibicuruzwa vuba, imikorere ihamye, igiciro gito cyo gukora, kandi kigabanye igihe cyo kubaka aho bikorerwa. Igishushanyo mbonera cya Modular gifasha uruganda rwateranye gukora mbere, gushyira hamwe no gutwara ibintu muri rusange, gushyiramo no gufunga, binoza imikorere, byoroshya inzira yo kubaka, bigabanya igihe cyo kubaka, kandi bigagabanya ingaruka ku kibanza cy'ubwubatsi.
Ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi rya modular:
(1) Ibikoresho byo mu mfuruka bihuye n'inzu yo mu bwoko bwa modular byoroshye guhuza inkunga ya photovoltaic ya modular n'inzu yo mu bwoko bwa modular iri hepfo;
(2) Imiterere y'amashanyarazi akoresha amashanyarazi yirinda umwanya uri hejuru y'ibikoresho byo mu mfuruka, kugira ngo uduce dukoresha amashanyarazi akoresha amashanyarazi akoreshe amashanyarazi tubashe guteranyirizwa hamwe kugira ngo dukoreshwe;
(3) Urufatiro rw'ikiraro cy'amashanyarazi, rworoshye gukoresha insinga za photovoltaic;
(4) Ihuriro rya modular rya 2A+B ryoroshya umusaruro usanzwe kandi rigabanya ibice byihariye;
(5) Module esheshatu za 2A+B zihurizwa hamwe mu gice gito gifite inverter nto, naho ibice bibiri bito bihurizwa hamwe mu gice kinini gifite inverter nini.
2. Igishushanyo mbonera cya karubone nkeya
Hashingiwe ku ikoranabuhanga rya zero-carbon, ubu bushakashatsi bukora ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi by'agateganyo bya zero-carbon, igishushanyo mbonera cya modular, umusaruro usanzwe, sisitemu ya photovoltaic ihuriweho, kandi ishyigikira ibikoresho byo guhindura modular no kubika ingufu, harimo modular za photovoltaic na modular za inverter, modular za bateri kugira ngo habeho sisitemu ya photovoltaic isohora imyuka ya karuboni nta mvuto mu gihe cy'imikorere y'ishami ry'umushinga w'aho kubaka. Modular za photovoltaic, modular za inverter, na modular za bateri zishobora gusenywa, guhuzwa, no guhindurwa, ibyo bikaba byoroshye guhindura imishinga hamwe n'inzu yo mu bwoko bwa bogisi. Ibikoresho bya modular bishobora guhuza n'ibikenewe mu bipimo bitandukanye binyuze mu mpinduka z'ingano. Iki gitekerezo cyo gushushanya modular gishobora gukurwaho, guhuzwa, no gutegurwa bishobora kunoza imikorere myiza y'umusaruro, kugabanya imyuka ya karuboni, no guteza imbere intego zidafite karuboni.
3. Igishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu yo kubyaza ingufu ingufu za photovoltaic
Sisitemu yo gutanga ingufu za photovoltaic igizwe ahanini na modules za photovoltaic, imashini ikoresha inverter control, na bateri pack. PV y'inzu yo mu bwoko bwa modular ishyizwe ku gisenge mu buryo bwa tile. Buri gikoresho gisanzwe gishyirwamo ibice 8 bya panels za monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic bifite ingano ya 1924 × 1038 × 35mm, kandi buri gikoresho gishyirwamo ibice 5 bya panels za monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic zifite ingano ya 1924 × 1038 × 35mm.
Ku manywa, modules za photovoltaic zitanga amashanyarazi, kandi controller na inverter bihindura amashanyarazi ahindagurika kugira ngo bikoreshwe mu mutwaro. Sisitemu ishyira imbere gutanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi ku mutwaro. Iyo ingufu z'amashanyarazi zikomoka kuri photovoltaic zirenze imbaraga z'umutwaro, ingufu z'amashanyarazi zirenze zizaca bateri binyuze mu cyuma gitanga umuriro n'amashanyarazi; iyo urumuri rudakomeye cyangwa nijoro, module ya photovoltaic ntitanga amashanyarazi, kandi bateri inyura mu mashini ihuza inverter control. Ingufu z'amashanyarazi zibitswe muri bateri zihindurwamo umutwaro usimburana w'umutwaro.
Incamake
Ikoranabuhanga rya photovoltaic rikoreshwa mu gice cy'ibiro n'aho ishami ry'umushinga rikorera mu kibanza cy'inyubako ya 4 ~ 6 muri Pingshan New Energy Automobile Industrial Park, Shenzhen. Amatsinda 49 yose hamwe ari mu itsinda rya 2A + B (reba Ishusho ya 5), afite inverters 8. Ubushobozi bwose bwashyizweho ni 421.89kW, impuzandengo y'ingufu zikoreshwa mu mwaka ni 427.000 kWh, imyuka ya karuboni ni 0.3748kgCOz / kWh, naho igabanuka rya karuboni mu mwaka ry'ishami ry'umushinga ni 160tC02.
Ikoranabuhanga rya modular photovoltaic rishobora kugabanya neza imyuka ihumanya ikirere aho bubaka, bigabanyiriza ukwirengagiza kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu nyubako ya mbere. Guhindura imiterere, gushyiraho uburyo busanzwe, guhuza, no guhindura ibintu bishobora kugabanya cyane gusesagura ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi, kunoza imikorere myiza, no kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya modular photovoltaic mu ishami rishya ry'ingufu bizagera ku gipimo cyo gukoresha kirenga 90% by'ingufu zisukuye zikwirakwizwa mu nyubako, birenga 90% by'ibyo serivisi zihabwa, kandi bigabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu ishami ry'umushinga ho hejuru ya 20% buri mwaka. Uretse kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere ya karuboni mu buryo rusange bw'ingufu z'inyubako mu ishami ry'umushinga, BIPV inatanga inzira y'ikoranabuhanga ku nyubako za leta mu turere dutandukanye no mu bihe bitandukanye by'ikirere kugira ngo tugere ku ntego zo kutagira karuboni. Gukora ubushakashatsi bukenewe muri uru rwego ku gihe no gukoresha aya mahirwe adasanzwe bishobora gutuma igihugu cyacu gifata iya mbere muri iyi mpinduka y'impinduka.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 17-07-23