A wannan bazara, annobar cutar covid-19 ta sake bulla a larduna da birane da dama, asibitin matsuguni na zamani, wanda a da aka tallata shi a matsayin abin koyi ga duniya, yana fara gina babban gini bayan rufe asibitocin matsuguni na zamani na Wuhan Leishenshan da Huoshenshan.
Hukumar Lafiya ta Ƙasa (NHS) ta bayyana cewa ya zama dole a tabbatar da cewa akwai asibitoci 2 zuwa 3 na tsarin matsuguni a kowace lardi. Ko da ba a gina asibitin tsarin matsuguni ba tukuna, dole ne mu sami tsarin gini don tabbatar da buƙatar gaggawa - za a iya gina asibitocin wucin gadi kuma a kammala su cikin kwana biyu.
Jiao Yaui, darektan Ofishin Kula da Lafiya na NHC, ya ce a wani taron manema labarai da Kwamitin Jiha na Hadin gwiwa kan Rigakafi da Kula da Lafiya ya gudanar a ranar 22 ga Maris, cewa a halin yanzu akwai asibitoci 33 na matsuguni na zamani da aka gina ko kuma ake kan ginawa; an gina asibiti 20 na zamani kuma ana kan gina 13, tare da jimillar gadaje 35,000. Waɗannan asibitoci na wucin gadi galibi suna cikin Jilin, Shandong, Yunnan, Hebei, Fujian, da Liaoning ...
Asibitin mafaka na Changchun mai tsari
Asibitin wucin gadi misali ne mai kyau na gine-ginen wucin gadi, lokacin gina asibiti na wucin gadi gabaɗaya ba ya wuce mako guda daga ƙira zuwa isar da kaya na ƙarshe.
Asibitoci na wucin gadi suna taka rawa a matsayin gada tsakanin killacewa a gida da zuwa asibitoci da aka keɓe, kuma suna guje wa ɓatar da albarkatun likita.
A shekarar 2020, an gina asibitoci 16 na zamani a cikin makonni 3 a Wuhan, kuma sun yi wa marasa lafiya kimanin 12,000 magani a cikin wata guda, kuma sun cimma nasarar rasa rayuka ko daya daga cikin marasa lafiya da kuma babu wani kamuwa da cutar daga ma'aikatan lafiya. An kuma kawo amfani da asibitoci na wucin gadi zuwa Amurka, Jamus, Italiya, Spain da sauran kasashe.
Asibitin wucin gadi da aka gyara daga Cibiyar Taro da Baje Kolin New York (Tushe: Dezeen)
An gyara wani asibiti na wucin gadi daga filin jirgin saman Berlin a Jamus (Tushe: Dezeen)
Tun daga tanti a zamanin makiyaya zuwa gidajen da aka riga aka gina waɗanda ake iya gani a ko'ina, zuwa asibitoci na wucin gadi waɗanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a rikicin birnin a yau, gine-ginen wucin gadi sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a tarihin ɗan adam.
Aikin wakilci na zamanin juyin juya halin masana'antu "Gidan Crystal na London" shine ginin wucin gadi na farko wanda ke da mahimmanci ga zamanin trans-epoch. Babban rumfar wucin gadi da aka gina a bikin baje kolin duniya gaba ɗaya an yi ta ne da ƙarfe da gilashi. Bai ɗauki ƙasa da watanni 9 ba kafin a kammala shi. Bayan kammalawa, an wargaza shi aka kai shi wani wuri, kuma an yi nasarar sake haɗa shi.
Crystal Palace, Birtaniya (Tushen: Baidu)
Babban rumfar gini ta Takara Beautilion ta Noriaki Kurokawa ta ƙasar Japan a bikin baje kolin duniya na shekarar 1970 da aka gudanar a Osaka, Japan, ta nuna murabba'in kwalaye da za a iya cirewa ko kuma a motsa su daga kwarangwal ɗin ƙarfe, wanda hakan ke nuna babban ci gaba a aikin gine-gine na wucin gadi.
Tashar Takara Beautilion (Tushe: Archdaily)
A yau, gine-gine na wucin gadi da za a iya ginawa cikin sauri suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a komai, tun daga gidajen shigarwa na wucin gadi zuwa matakin wucin gadi, tun daga wurin bayar da agajin gaggawa, wuraren wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa zuwa wuraren baje koli.
01 Lokacin da bala'i ya faru, gine-gine na wucin gadi mafaka ne ga jiki da ruhi
Bala'o'in halitta masu tsanani ba a iya hasashensu, kuma babu makawa mutane za su rasa muhallinsu ta hanyarsu. A yayin da ake fuskantar bala'o'in halitta da na ɗan adam, tsarin gine-gine na wucin gadi ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba kamar "hikima nan take", wanda daga ciki za mu iya ganin hikimar shirya don ranar ruwan sama da kuma nauyin zamantakewa da kuma kulawar ɗan adam da ke bayan ƙirar.
A farkon aikinsa, mai ginin gine-gine na Japan Shigeru Ban ya mayar da hankali kan nazarin gine-gine na wucin gadi, yana amfani da bututun takarda don ƙirƙirar matsugunan wucin gadi waɗanda suka dace da muhalli kuma masu ƙarfi. Tun daga shekarun 1990, ana iya ganin gine-ginen takarda nasa bayan yakin basasar Rwanda a Afirka, girgizar ƙasa ta kobe a Japan, girgizar ƙasa ta Wenchuan a China, girgizar ƙasa ta Haiti, tsunami a arewacin Japan da sauran bala'o'i. Baya ga gidajen da aka gina bayan sauyin yanayi, har ma ya gina makarantu da majami'u da takarda, don gina wurin zama na ruhaniya ga waɗanda abin ya shafa. A shekarar 2014, Ban ya lashe kyautar Pritzker don Gine-gine.
Gida na wucin gadi bayan bala'i a Sri Lanka (Tushe: www.shigerubanarchitects.com)
Gina makarantar wucin gadi ta Makarantar Firamare ta Chengdu Hualin (Tushe: www.shigerubanarchitects.com)
Cocin Takarda na New Zealand (Tushe: www.shigerubanarchitects.com)
A yanayin COVID-19, Ban ya kuma kawo kyakkyawan tsari. Ana iya gina yankin keɓewa ta hanyar haɗa bututun takarda da takarda waɗanda za su iya raba ƙwayar cutar, tare da fasalulluka na araha, sauƙin sake amfani da su da sauƙin ginawa. An yi amfani da samfurin a matsayin cibiyar rigakafi ta wucin gadi, keɓewa da mafaka a ishikawa, Nara da sauran yankuna a Japan.
(Tushe: www.shigerubanarchitects.com)
Baya ga ƙwarewarsa a cikin bututun takarda, Ban yakan yi amfani da kwantena da aka riga aka shirya don gina gine-gine. Ya yi amfani da kwantena da yawa don gina gida na wucin gadi ga gidaje 188 ga waɗanda abin ya shafa na Japan, wani gwaji ne na gina manyan kwantena. Ana sanya kwantena a wurare daban-daban ta hanyar cranes kuma an haɗa su da twistlocks.
Bisa ga waɗannan matakan masana'antu, ana iya gina gidaje na wucin gadi cikin sauri cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci kuma suna da kyakkyawan aikin girgizar ƙasa.
(Tushe: www.shigerubanarchitects.com)
Akwai kuma yunƙurin gine-ginen China da yawa na gina gine-gine na wucin gadi bayan bala'o'i.
Bayan girgizar ƙasa ta "5.12", mai ginin Zhu Jingxiang a cikin wani haikalin Sichuan da ya lalace don gina makarantar firamare, sabuwar makaranta ta mamaye faɗin murabba'in mita 450, haikalin mutanen ƙauyen, kuma sama da masu sa kai 30 sun gina, babban ginin yana AMFANI da keel mai sauƙi na ƙarfe, cike takardar da aka haɗa da ambulaf kuma yana da tasirin ƙarfafa tsarin gabaɗaya, Yana iya jure girgizar ƙasa sau 10. Ana amfani da kayan rufewa da adana zafi tare da ginin bene mai hawa da yawa da kuma sanya ƙofofi da tagogi yadda ya kamata don tabbatar da cewa ginin yana da ɗumi a lokacin hunturu da sanyi a lokacin rani kuma yana da isasshen haske na halitta. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan amfani da makarantar, ana buƙatar cire hanyar shiga jirgin ƙasa. Motsin ƙirar farko yana tabbatar da cewa za a iya sake gina makarantar a wurare daban-daban ba tare da ɓata ba.
((Tushe: Archdaily)
Mai zane Yingjun Xie ya tsara "Gidan Haɗin gwiwa", wanda ke amfani da duk albarkatun da ake da su a matsayin kayan gini, kamar rassan, duwatsu, tsire-tsire, ƙasa da sauran kayan gida, kuma ya shirya mazauna yankin don shiga cikin ƙira da gini, yana fatan cimma haɗin kai na tsari, kayan aiki, sarari, kyau da kuma ra'ayin gine-gine mai ɗorewa. Wannan irin ginin "ɗakin haɗin gwiwa" na ɗan lokaci ya taka rawa sosai a cikin ginin gaggawa bayan girgizar ƙasa.
(Tushe: Xie Yingying Architects)
02 Gine-gine na wucin gadi, sabon ƙarfin gine-gine mai ɗorewa
Tare da saurin ci gaban juyin juya halin masana'antu, gine-ginen zamani da kuma cikakken isowar zamanin bayanai, an gina tarin manyan gine-gine masu tsada na dindindin a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, wanda ya haifar da tarin sharar gini da ba za a iya sake amfani da su ba. Babban ɓarnar albarkatu ya sa mutane a yau suna tambayar "ɗorewa" na gine-gine. Mai ginin gine-gine na Japan Toyo Ito ya taɓa nuna cewa gine-ginen ya kamata su zama masu canzawa kuma abin mamaki nan take.
A wannan lokacin, an bayyana fa'idodin gine-gine na wucin gadi. Bayan gine-ginen wucin gadi sun kammala aikinsu, ba za su cutar da muhalli ba, wanda ya yi daidai da buƙatun kare muhalli da ci gaban birane mai ɗorewa.
A shekara ta 2000, Shigeru Ban da mai ginin gine-gine na Jamus Frei Otto sun tsara kumbon takarda mai siffar bututun ƙarfe don Babban Tashar Japan a bikin baje kolin duniya da ke Hannover, Jamus, wanda ya jawo hankalin duniya baki ɗaya. Saboda yanayin wucin gadi na rumfar Expo, za a rushe rumfar Japan bayan lokacin baje kolin na watanni biyar, kuma mai zanen ya yi la'akari da batun sake amfani da kayan aiki a farkon zane.
Saboda haka, babban jikin ginin an yi shi ne da bututun takarda, fim ɗin takarda da sauran kayayyaki, wanda hakan ke rage lalacewar muhalli kuma yana sauƙaƙa sake amfani da shi.
Babban Taro na Japan a bikin baje kolin duniya a Hannover, Jamus (Tushe: www.shigerubanarchitects.com)
A yayin da ake shirin wani sabon aikin ofishin wucin gadi na kamfani na yankin Xiongan, wani sabon yanki na jiha, mai ginin gine-gine Cui Kai ya yi amfani da fasahar kwantena don biyan buƙatun ginin "sauri" da "na ɗan lokaci". Zai iya daidaitawa da wurare daban-daban da buƙatun yankin amfani na baya-bayan nan. Idan akwai wasu buƙatu a nan gaba, ana iya daidaita shi don daidaitawa da wurare daban-daban. Lokacin da ginin ya kammala aikinsa na yanzu, ana iya wargaza shi kawai a sake yin amfani da shi, a sake haɗa shi a wani wuri sannan a sake amfani da shi.
Aikin Ofishin Wucin Gadi na Sabon Yankin Xiongan (tushe: Makarantar Gine-gine, Jami'ar Tianjin)
Tun daga farkon karni na 21, tare da fitar da "Ajanda 21 na Motsin Olympics: Wasanni don Ci Gaba Mai Dorewa", Wasannin Olympics sun ƙara samun alaƙa da manufar ci gaba mai dorewa, musamman Wasannin Olympics na Lokacin Sanyi, waɗanda ke buƙatar gina wuraren shakatawa na kankara a tsaunuka. . Domin tabbatar da dorewar Wasannin, Wasannin Olympics na Lokacin Sanyi na baya sun yi amfani da adadi mai yawa na gine-gine na wucin gadi don magance matsalar sararin samaniya na ayyukan taimako.
A gasar Olympics ta hunturu ta Vancouver ta 2010, Cypress Mountain ta gina tanti na wucin gadi da yawa a kusa da ginin hidimar filin dusar ƙanƙara na asali; a gasar Olympics ta hunturu ta Sochi ta 2014, har zuwa kashi 90% na kayan aikin wucin gadi an yi amfani da su a wuraren da aka yi wa ado da kuma wuraren da ba su da tsari; A gasar Olympics ta hunturu ta PyeongChang ta 2018, kusan kashi 80% na sararin samaniya na cikin gida sama da murabba'in mita 20,000 a wurin shakatawa na Phoenix Ski Park don tabbatar da gudanar da taron gine-gine ne na wucin gadi.
A gasar Olympics ta hunturu ta Beijing a shekarar 2022, wurin shakatawa na Yunding Ski Park da ke Chongli, Zhangjiakou ya dauki nauyin gasa 20 a rukuni biyu: wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara da kuma wasan tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara. Kashi 90% na buƙatun aikin Olympics na hunturu sun dogara ne da gine-gine na wucin gadi, tare da kimanin murabba'in mita 22,000 na sararin samaniya na wucin gadi, kusan sun kai matakin ƙaramin ginin birni. Waɗannan gine-ginen wucin gadi suna rage tasirin wurin na dindindin kuma suna adana sarari don yankin tsere kan dusar ƙanƙara mai ci gaba ya bunkasa da canzawa.
03 Idan tsarin gine-gine ya kasance babu ƙuntatawa, za a sami ƙarin damar
Gine-gine na wucin gadi suna da ɗan gajeren lokaci kuma suna rage ƙuntatawa akan sarari da kayan aiki, wanda zai ba masu gine-gine ƙarin sarari don yin wasa da sake fasalta kuzari da kerawa na gine-gine.
Gidan Tarihi na Serpentine da ke Landan, Ingila, babu shakka yana ɗaya daga cikin gine-ginen wucin gadi mafi wakilci a duniya. Tun daga shekarar 2000, Gidan Tarihi na Serpentine ya ba da umarnin wani mai zane ko ƙungiyar masu zane don gina rumfar bazara ta wucin gadi kowace shekara. Yadda ake nemo ƙarin damammaki a cikin gine-gine na wucin gadi shine batun Gidan Tarihi na Serpentine ga masu zane.
Mai zane na farko da aka gayyata daga Gidan Tarihi na Serpentine a shekara ta 2000 shine Zaha Hadid. Manufar zane ta Zaha ita ce ta yi watsi da siffar tanti ta asali ta sake fayyace ma'anar da aikin tanti. Gidan Tarihi na Serpentine na masu shirya shi ya daɗe yana neman "canji da kirkire-kirkire".
(Tushe: Archdaily)
An kammala rumfar wucin gadi ta Serpentine Gallery ta shekarar 2015 tare da masu zane-zanen Sipaniya José Selgas da Lucía Cano. Ayyukansu suna amfani da launuka masu ƙarfi kuma suna kama da na yara, suna karya salon rashin daɗi na shekarun baya kuma suna kawo wa mutane mamaki da yawa. Da yake samun kwarin gwiwa daga cunkoson jirgin ƙasa a Landan, mai ginin ya tsara rumfar a matsayin babban ramin tsutsa, inda mutane za su iya jin daɗin yarinta yayin da suke tafiya ta cikin tsarin fim ɗin filastik mai haske.
(Tushe: Archdaily)
A cikin ayyuka da yawa, gine-gine na wucin gadi suma suna da mahimmanci na musamman. A lokacin bikin "Mai ƙonewa" a Amurka a watan Agusta na 2018, mai zane Arthur Mamou-Mani ya tsara wani haikali mai suna "Galaxia", wanda ya ƙunshi sandunan katako guda 20 a cikin tsarin karkace, kamar sararin samaniya mai faɗi. Bayan taron, za a rushe waɗannan gine-ginen na wucin gadi, kamar zane-zanen yashi na mandala a cikin addinin Buddha na Tibet, yana tunatar da mutane: ku ji daɗin lokacin.
(Tushe: Archdaily)
A watan Oktoban 2020, a tsakiyar biranen Beijing, Wuhan da Xiamen, an gina ƙananan gidaje uku na katako kusan nan take. Wannan shine watsa shirye-shiryen kai tsaye na CCTV "Reader". A lokacin watsa shirye-shiryen kai tsaye na kwanaki uku da kuma kwanaki biyu da suka biyo baya na buɗewa, jimillar mutane 672 daga biranen uku sun shiga wurin karatu da babbar murya don yin karatu. Ɗakunan uku sun shaida lokacin da suka ɗaga littafin suka karanta zukatansu, suka kuma shaida azabarsu, farin cikinsu, jarumtakarsu da begensu.
Duk da cewa bai ɗauki ƙasa da watanni biyu ba daga ƙira, gini, amfani zuwa rushewa, muhimmancin ɗan adam da irin wannan ginin na ɗan lokaci ya kawo ya cancanci a yi la'akari da shi sosai daga masu gine-gine.
(Tushe: CCTV's "Reader" )
Bayan ganin waɗannan gine-gine na wucin gadi inda ɗumi, tsattsauran ra'ayi da kuma avant-garde ke rayuwa tare, shin kuna da sabuwar fahimtar gine-gine?
Darajar gini ba ta dogara ne akan lokacin riƙe shi ba, amma a kan ko yana taimaka wa mutane ko kuma yana ƙarfafa su. Daga wannan hangen nesa, abin da gine-gine na wucin gadi ke nunawa shine ruhi na har abada.
Wataƙila wani yaro wanda ginin wucin gadi ya tsare shi kuma ya yi yawo a cikin Gidan Tarihi na Serpentine zai iya zama wanda ya lashe kyautar Pritzker ta gaba.
Lokacin Saƙo: 21-04-22