Izibhedlele Eziziimodyuli—Indlela Entsha Yokwakha Ikamva Lezempilo Ngokukhawulezileyo

1. Yintoni iIsibhedlele seModular?

A mi-odularmezonyangofubuchuleluhlobo olutsha lwemodeli yezakhiwo zonyango apho izibhedlele zakhiwa khona “kumzi-mveliso”.

Ngamafutshane, amagumbi ahlukeneyo esibhedlele (amagumbi okusebenzela, amagumbi otyando, ii-ICU, njl.njl.) akhiwa kwangaphambili kwifektri, aneentambo, imibhobho yamanzi, umoya opholileyo, iinkqubo zegesi zonyango, kunye nezinye izixhobo ezifakiweyo. Ezi emva koko zithuthwa zisiwe kwindawo kwaye zihlanganiswe zibe sisibhedlele esisebenza ngokupheleleyo.

Iimpawu zeZibhedlele zeModular:

* Ukwenziwa kwangaphambili kwefektri: Kwenziwe kwindawo elawulwayo, kuqinisekiswa umgangatho wezibhedlele eziphathwayo.

* Ukuhlanganiswa kwindawo: Iimodyuli zinokuhlanganiswa ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba zifikile kwindawo.

* IiFomu Ezininzi: izibhedlele zexeshana, izibhedlele ezisisigxina, okanye izibhedlele zeekhonteyina ezinemigangatho emininzi zexesha elide.

* Uyilo oluguquguqukayo: Ubungakanani bunokuhlanganiswa ngokukhululekileyo ngokweemfuno.

Iingenelo eziphambiliyeIzibhedlele zeModular:

* Isantya sokwakha esikhawulezayo:izibhedlele zeekhonteyina ezingxamisekileyozikhawuleza ngaphezu kwama-50% kunezibhedlele zesintu;

* Imveliso yefektri esemgangathweni, umgangatho ozinzileyo ngakumbi;

* Inkunkuma yokwakha encitshisiweyo, inobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo ngakumbi;

* iindleko eziphantsi;

* Ingandiswa okanye ifuduselwe kwenye indawo nangaliphi na ixesha, iguquguquka kwaye ilungele.

2.Izibhedlele zeModularngokuchasene nezibhedlele zesintu

Isibhedlele esenziwe kwangaphambilis imele imodeli entsha ekhawulezayo, eguquguqukayo ngakumbi, nenobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo yokwakha kwezonyango.

3. Isibhedlele esiModularIintlobo

Ingxamisekofisibhedlele se-lat-pack:Ezi zizibonelelo ezinokusekwa ngokukhawuleza xa kukho ubhubhane, intlekele, okanye ingxaki yoluntu. Zimiselwa kwiiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezine.

Izibhedlele eziSisigxina zeModular: Ezi zizakhiwo ezinezitezi ezininzi ezinazo zonke izibonelelo zonyango ezifunekayo ukuze zisetyenziswe ixesha elide. Zihlala iminyaka engaphezu kwama-50.

Izibhedlele Ezihambayo okanye Eziphathwayo: Ezi ziiyunithi ezincinci ezinokuxhonywa kwiilori okanye kwiitreyila zemisebenzi yexesha elifutshane okanye imisebenzi yasentsimini.

YasemaphandleniMi-odularCi-linic: ezicikliniki yeekhonteyinas inokubonelela ngeenkonzo zempilo kwiindawo ezingenazo ngokwaneleyo.

Izibhedlele zaseMasimini oMkhosi: Iiyunithi eziqinileyo, ezimelana nemozulu ezenzelwe ukusetyenziswa ngokuzikhusela nangokungxamisekileyo.

4. Ubugcisa boYilo noLwakhiwoyeUnyango lweModular

IselfowuniHi-ospital Inkqubo Yokwakha:

Qinisekisa iimfuno—uyilo lwesakhiwo—ukuveliswa—uthutho—ukufakelwa—ukunikezelwa

Inyathelo ngalinye lilandela imithetho engqongqo yezonyango neyokwakha ebekwe yi-ISO, i-WHO, kunye ne-CE.

Xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zemveli,izakhiwo zonyango ezenziwe ngaphambiliinokonga ixesha elingama-40-60%, inciphise ukwakhiwa kwindawo, kwaye inciphise impembelelo yemozulu.

Izixhobo kunye neTekhnoloji

Izibhedlele ezikwiikhonteyinaNgokwesiqhelo kusetyenziswa izakhiwo zentsimbi, iiphaneli zodonga zegumbi ezicocekileyo, kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela ezidityanisiweyo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nococeko.

Izibonelelo zonyango ezilungiselelwe kwangaphambili zixhotyiswe ngee-smart sensors kunye neenkqubo ze-IoT, zigcine indawo yokuhlangana kwamandla elanga, kwaye zidibanisa iinkqubo zegesi zonyango kunye ne-vacuum.

Ezi teknoloji zenzaisibhedlele esiphathwayoigcina amandla kancinci, ikrelekrele, kwaye kulula ukuyigcina.

Iimodyuli zeYunithi yoKhathalelo oluBanzi kunye neGumbi lokuSebenza

Ihambelana nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe yokucoca amagumbi (ISO 14644); ixhotyiswe ngezihluzi zomoya we-particulate (HEPA) ezisebenzayo kakhulu ukulawula umgangatho womoya; idibanisa igesi yezonyango, umbane, kunye neenkqubo ze-alamu; ilungele ukusetyenziswa ngoko nangoko emva kokufakwa kwindawo.

Iingenelo: isantya sokwakha esikhawulezayo, imeko-bume ezinzileyo, kunye nokusabela ngokukhawulezaisibhedlele sokwandisa imeko kaxakekaiimfuno.

Inkqubo yoMoya opholileyo kunye nokuCoca (i-HVAC)

Iiyunithi zonyango ezihambahambayoSebenzisa izihluzi ze-HEPA ezinokubamba i-99.97% yamasuntswana; dala iindawo ezineengcinezelo zomoya ezahlukeneyo ukuthintela ukusasazeka kosulelo; ube nolawulo oluzenzekelayo lobushushu kunye nokufuma; kwaye ubeke iliso kwiimeko ngexesha langempela, konke oku ngelixa ugcina amandla amaninzi.

Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba umoya ucocekile, ukhuselekile, kwaye uyonga amandla ngaphakathiindawo yokhuseleko lwezonyango olungxamisekileyo.

5. Amatyala eSicelo seHlabathi

Izibhedlele ezingxamisekileyo

Ngexesha lobhubhani we-COVID-19, isibhedlele sase-Wuhan Huoshenshan sasingumzekelo obalaseleyo wokuisibhedlele semodyuli, yakhiwe kwiintsuku ezili-10 kuphela kwaye ineebhedi ezingaphezu kwe-1,000. Izibhedlele ezifanayo ezilungiselelwe kwangaphambili nazo zithunyelwe ngokukhawuleza eAfrika naseYurophu.

Iingenelo: Aisibhedlele esikhawulezileyoinokwakhiwa kwiiveki ezimbalwa, ihlangabezane neemfuno ezinkulu zonyango ngexesha leengxaki; ingachithwa okanye ifuduselwe kwenye indawo emva kwengxaki.

IiKliniki zeModular zasemaphandleni

Iindawo ezibonelela ngeenkonzo ezinezibonelelo zonyango ezinqongopheleyo: iindleko eziphantsi, ukufakelwa ngokukhawuleza; zinokusebenzisa amandla elanga kunye neenkqubo zamanzi ezizijikelezisa ngokwazo; uyilo lwemodyuli luququzelela ukwandiswa kunye nokuphuculwa; luphucula impilo yoomama kunye nomntwana kunye neemeko zonyango ezingxamisekileyo.

Izibhedlele zeModular zoMkhosi

Iisibhedlele somkhosi esihambayoIqinile kwaye ihlala ixesha elide, imelana nemvula nomoya, ithuthwa ngomoya, ilori, okanye inqanawa, kwaye ibandakanya amagumbi otyando, iiyunithi zokhathalelo oluphezulu, kunye neekhemesti. Ingahlanganiswa kwiiyure ezingama-48–72.

Zombiniiinkampu zonyango zomkhosi nezoluntusebenzisa ezi zinto ngokupheleleyoizibhedlele zemodyuli.

6Ukuqonda ngezoQoqosho kunye noShishino kwiShishini leZibhedlele eziModular

Ukuthelekisa iindleko zezibhedlele ezizimodareyitha kunye nezibhedlele zemveli

Ukonga iindleko ezingama-20–30%.

Ixesha elincinci elichithwayo ekwakheni lithetha ukuba iindleko ezisetyenziswayo ziyancitshiswa.

Izixhobo zisetyenziswe kakuhle kwaye zinciphisa inkunkuma.

Iindleko eziphantsi zokujonga indawo yokusebenza.

Umzekelo, iisibhedlele sesikhongozeli semodyulingeebhedi ezili-100 zibiza ngaphantsi ngama-25–30% kunesibhedlele sendabuko esilingana naso.

Iingenelo zezibhedlele eziziimodyuli ngokwe-ROI kunye nomjikelo wobomi

Iiasethi ezinokusetyenziswa kwakhona: Iimodyuli ezifuduswayo okanye ezisetyenziselwa iiprojekthi ezintsha.

Ukugcinwa Okuphantsi: Izixhobo eziqinileyo zinciphisa iindleko zexesha elide.

Imbuyekezo Ekhawulezileyo: Umhla wokuqala kwangethuba uthetha ingeniso ekhawulezileyo.

Utyalo-mali oluZinzileyo: Uyilo oluluhlaza lugcina imali kumandla.

Ixabiso Eliphezulu Lokuthengiswa Kwakhona: Iimpahla zemodyuli zigcina ixabiso lazo elibonakalayo nelezemali.

Isibhedlele esisetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo singakhiwa ngokukhawuleza kangakanani?

A iselula ephathekayoisibhedleleneebhedi ezingama-50–100: iintsuku ezingama-30–45

A i-prefab enokukhutshelwa ngaphandleisibhedleleneebhedi ezingama-200 ukuya kuma-500: iintsuku ezingama-60 ukuya kuma-90

Izibhedlele ezinkulu ezisisigxina: iinyanga ezi-4–6

15. Iingenelo zoKwakha okuLungileyo kunye nokuZinza

Iingenelo zokuZinza: Inkunkuma yezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo incitshiswe ngama-60%.

Kusetyenziswa amandla angaphantsi ngama-50% xa kusakhiwa.

Intsimbi enokusetyenziswa kwakhona kunye neemodyuli ezinokusetyenziswa kwakhona.

Amaxesha amafutshane athetha ukuba ukukhutshwa kwe-CO₂ kuncinci.

7. Imigangatho yeHlabathi yeMi-odularCulwakhiwoHii-ospitals

Izibhedlele ezisetyenziswa ngokweemodyuli kufuneka zihambelane nemigangatho yezempilo yehlabathi:

I-ISO 9001/14001: Ulawulo loMgangatho kunye nokusiNgqongileyo;

I-ISO 14644: Imigangatho yeGumbi lokucoca;

I-NFPA 99/101: Ukhuseleko lwezonyango nomlilo;

I-WHO, i-CE: Ukuthotyelwa kweNkqubo yezeMpilo yeHlabathi.

Oku kuqinisekisa ukubaisibhedlele sesikhongozeli esilungisiweyoukhuseleko, ukuthembeka, kunye nokuhambelana kwamazwe ngamazwe.

Imithetho yeizibhedlele zexeshana nezisisigxina

Okwexeshanaimodyuliizibhedlelekufuneka balandele ikhowudi yokwakha engxamisekileyo. Iinkqubo zokuvunywa ziyakhawuleziswa kwaye zenziwe lula.

Isigxinaisikhongozeliizibhedlelekufuneka balandele zonke iikhowudi zesakhiwo, ukhuseleko emlilweni, kunye nokufikelela.

8. Ikamva leUnyango lweModularIsakhiwo Iindlela Ezithandwayo

Ukudibanisa uYilo lweDijithali: Intsebenziswano yexesha langempela esebenzisa ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye neModeli yoLwazi loKwakha (BIM).

IiNkqubo zeSibhedlele eziHlakaniphileyo: Amandla kunye nolawulo lwezigulane nge-IoT;

Izakhiwo eziDibeneyo: Ukudibanisa iingenelo zokwakha zemveli nezemodyuli;

Ukuprinta kwe-3D kunye neMveliso yeRobhothi: Ukuzenzekela okuphezulu;

Uyilo lwaMandla olungenazo zonke izinto: Ukufezekisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi okungenayo zonke izinto kusetyenziswa amandla ahlaziyekayo.

Iisibhedlele semodyulikwixesha elizayo kuya kuba ziziseko zempilo ezikhawulezayo, ezikrelekrele, neziluhlaza ngakumbi.

9. NjaniUlwakhiwo lweModularItshintsha Ukhathalelo Lwempilo Kwihlabathi Lonke

Impembelelo kwihlabathi:

Kwenza kube lula kubantu abakumazwe asakhasayo ukufumana unyango.

Ukwandisa amandla okuphendula kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo.

Inciphisa umngcipheko wekhabhoni kwiziseko zonyango.

Ivumela iinkqubo zezempilo zasezidolophini ukuba zikhule ngendlela eguquguqukayo.

Isiphelo:

Uhlengahlengiso luyila ngokutsha inkqubo yezempilo yehlabathi

Izibhedlele zeModularayisiyondlela yokwakha nje kuphela kodwa yinguqu enkulu ekwakheni unyango lwehlabathi.

Iindlu yemodyuliivumela iindawo ezikude ukuba zifikelele kwizibonelelo zonyango zanamhlanje, yenza uncedo olukhawulezileyo lube lusebenza kakuhle, kwaye yenza ukwakhiwa kwesibhedlele kube luhlaza, kube bhetyebhetye ngakumbi, kwaye kube neendleko eziphantsi.

Ukususela kuyilo kunye nemveliso ukuya ekuphunyezweni,izibhedlele zemodyulizimela indlela yekamva yokhathalelo lwempilo—ulwakhiwo olukhawulezileyo, ukusebenza ngobuchule, kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo.