Kwizakhiwo ezinkulu, uphuhliso lwamandla, imigodi, kunye neeprojekthi zobunjineli bamanye amazwe, izindlu ezipakishwe ngendlela ethe tyaba ziye zaba lukhetho oluphambili kwizakhiwo zexeshana nezexesha eliphakathi ukuya kwixesha elide.
Nangona kunjalo, omnye wemibuzo ephambili ebuzwa rhoqo ngamaqela athengayo ngexesha lokwenza izigqibo ngulo: Ngaba indlu eyakhiwe kwangaphambili ethe tyaba ingamelana nemozulu embi kakhulu kunye neemeko ezinzima? Ithini imida yokusetyenziswa kwayo?
I. Ingcamango yoYilo lokuLungiseka kokusingqongileyo lweNdlu yokuPakisha eTshatyalaliyo enokuSuswa
Izindlu ezifakelweyo ezisuswayo azizo nje "izindlu zexeshana ezenziwe kwangaphambili." Ingqiqo yazo yoyilo ivela kwiinkqubo zezakhiwo eziphucukileyo, ezijolise ekufezekiseni:
Ulwakhiwo olusemgangathweni
Ulawulo lomgangatho wokwenziwa kwangaphambili kwefektri
Ukuqhaqha kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona
Uhlengahlengiso olulungiselelwe iimeko ezahlukeneyo
Kwizicelo zobunjineli ezisebenzayo, iindawo apho kusetyenziswa khona izikhongozeli ezisuswayo ezisetyenziswayo zihlala ziquka iindawo eziphakamileyo nezibandayo, iindawo zasentlango nezishushu kakhulu, iindawo eziselunxwemeni nezinomswakama ophezulu, iindawo ezinomoya onamandla, kunye neendawo zenyikima.
II. Ukhuseleko lweZakhiwo phantsi kweemeko eziNgxamisekileyo zeMozulu
1. IiNdawo ezingqonge umoya onamandla kunye nesaqhwithi
Imimoya enamandla yeyona nto iphambili ebeka emngciphekweni iiprojekthi zamandla omoya ezikwiindawo ezisemacaleni olwandle, eziqhithini, nakwiindawo ezithile kuMbindi Mpuma naseAfrika.
Iiyunithi ezivuthiweyo zepakethe ezithe tyaba zihlala zisebenzisa:
Inkqubo yesakhiwo sentsimbi esakhelwe ngaphakathi
Iikholamu kunye neebhanti zenza iluphu epheleleyo ethwala umthwalo
Uphahla kunye neendonga ziqiniswe ngeebholiti kunye nezihlanganisi zesakhiwo
Ngoyilo olufanelekileyo lwesiseko (iziseko zemicu, amaqonga ekhonkrithi, okanye iziseko zentsimbi), iiyunithi zezindlu ezipakishwe ngokuthe tyaba zinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo loxinzelelo lomoya oluyi-8–Amanqanaba ali-12 kwaye asetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkampu zabasebenzi bobunjineli ezikunxweme nakwiindawo ezivulekileyo.
2. Iindawo eziPhakathi kakhulu nezinobushushu obuphantsi (-30℃nangaphantsi)
ERashiya, eMbindi Asia, nakwiindawo ezine-latitude ephezulu, imingeni ebangelwa ziindawo ezinobushushu obuphantsi kwizakhiwo igxile kakhulu koku kulandelayo:
Ukusebenza kwe-insulation
Ulawulo lwebhulorho ebandayo
Ukuqina kwesakhiwo
Kwiindawo ezibandayo, izikhongozeli ezenziwe kwangaphambili zihlala zixhotyiswe ngezi zinto zilandelayo:
Iindonga ezigqunywe ngobushushu obuphindwe kabini okanye obujiyileyo (uboya belitye/i-PU/i-PIR)
Iinkqubo zokugquma uphahla kunye nomgangatho ezidibeneyo
Iingcango kunye neefestile ezisebenzisa i-thermal break okanye izakhiwo zokuvala ezinamaleya amaninzi
Kwiiprojekthi zokwenyani, izikhongozeli ezilungiselelwe kwangaphambili ezenzelwe ukulungelelaniswa nokusingqongileyo zingasetyenziswa ixesha elide kwiindawo zokusebenza ze--30℃ukuya kuthi ga kwi -40℃kwiinkampu zabasebenzi zeoyile negesi, ezemigodi, kunye nezakhiwo.
3. Iindawo ezishushu kakhulu nezisentlango (Ngaphezulu +45℃)
Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ukukhanya kwelanga okunamandla, kunye nezivuthuvuthu zothuli kwiindawo ezifana noMbindi Mpuma noMntla Afrika kubeka imfuneko ephezulu ekuqineni kwezakhiwo zexeshana.
Izinto eziphambili ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa kulungiswa iiyunithi zemodyuli ezithe tyaba kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu ziquka:
Uyilo lwangaphandle lodonga nophahla olubonakalisa ukukhanya kunye nobushushu
Uyilo olungafunekiyo lweenkqubo zokungenisa umoya kunye nezomoya
Isakhiwo sokutywina esingangeni ntlabathi nothuli
Ngokukhetha izinto ezifanelekileyo kunye noyilo lomthunzi kunye nokungenisa umoya, iiyunithi zemodyuli ezisicaba zinokusebenza ngokuzinzileyo kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu bexesha elide kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zeoyile, kwizikhululo zegesi zendalo, nakwiiprojekthi zeziseko zophuhliso.
III. Ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezifumileyo, ezinxwemeni, nezingcolisayo
Kwiprojekthi zobunjineli zaseMpuma-mpuma Asia, eziqithini, nakumanxweme, ukufuma komoya kunye nokugqwala kwetyuwa zizinto ezibangela imingeni emikhulu.
Iinkqubo zeekhonteyina zobungcali ezipakishwe ngendlela ethe tyaba zihlala zisebenzisa:
Unyango lokugquma nge-hot-dip okanye i-high-corrosion-resistant coating kwisakhiwo sentsimbi
Izinto ezidityanisiweyo ezimelana nokugqwala nezithintela umlilo kwiiphaneli zodonga
Iibholiti ezingamelani nomhlwa zisetyenziselwa uqhagamshelo olubalulekileyo.
Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokugcinwa, izikhongozeli zemodyuli zigcina uzinzo lwesakhiwo ixesha elide kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwiindawo ezinomswakama ophezulu kunye neendawo ezikufutshane nolwandle.
IV. Ukusebenza koKhuseleko kwiindawo ezijongene neNyikima
Iiyunithi zeFlat Pack Modular zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezithile kwiindawo zenyikima ngenxa yobunzima bazo obulula kunye nokuguquguquka okuhle kwesakhiwo.
Iimpawu zabo zokumelana nenyikima zibonakala kakhulu kwezi:
Ukuqina okuhle kwesakhiwo sesakhelo sentsimbi
Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo ngokunxibelelana phakathi kweemodyuli
Uyilo lokuqinisa i-seismic ngokusebenzisa iziseko kunye neendlela zoqhagamshelo
Kwiprojekthi zeziseko zophuhliso kunye neeprojekthi zongxamiseko kumazwe amaninzi, iiyunithi zemodyuli ezipakishwe ngokuthe tyaba zisetyenziswe njengezisombululo zokwakha zexeshana nezexesha elifutshane kwiindawo ezineenyikima ezinamandla aphantsi ukuya kwaphakathi.
V. Ubudlelwane phakathi kweNdawo yokusetyenziswa kunye nobomi beNkonzo
Kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuba iimeko zokusingqongileyo azichazi ngokuthe ngqo ubomi benkonzo yezakhiwo eziziimodular ezithe tyaba. Izinto ezichaphazela ubomi bezakhiwo ziquka:
Inkqubo yesakhiwo kunye nomgangatho wezinto eziphathekayo
Ukukhusela ukugqwala kunye noyilo lobushushu
Ubungakanani bokusetyenziswa kunye nomjikelo wokugcinwa
Nokuba yenzelwe imeko-bume yendawo okanye akunjalo
Phantsi koyilo olufanelekileyo kunye neemeko zolondolozo eziqhelekileyo, izindlu ezisicaba zemodyuli zinokufezekisa:
Iiprojekthi zexesha elifutshane: 8–Iminyaka eli-10
Iiprojekthi zexesha eliphakathi ukuya kwelide: 10–Iminyaka engama-20
Izisombululo ezenzelwe wena ezisemgangathweni ophezulu: iminyaka engama-20 nangaphezulu
VI. Isishwankathelo seMiba eqhelekileyo yoSetyenziso
Iiyunithi zeFlat Pack zifanelekile kwezi ndawo zilandelayo kunye neentlobo zeprojekthi:
Iiprojekthi ezinkulu zenkampu yokwakha iziseko zophuhliso
Iinkampu zophuhliso lwemigodi, ioyile negesi kunye namandla
Iinkampu zokwakha ezikude
Iiofisi zobunjineli zexeshana okanye eziphantsi kwesigaba kunye neendawo zokuhlala
Iindawo zokukhusela ezingxamisekileyo kunye nezakhiwo zexeshana emva kwentlekele
Ngenxa yoyilo oluguquguqukayo kokusingqongileyo, iiyunithi zemodyuli ezithe tyaba ziye zaguquka ukusuka "kwizakhiwo zexeshana" zaba zizisombululo zokwakha zemodyuli ezithembekileyo zodidi lobunjineli.
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Isiphelo: Okusingqongileyo akusiso isithintelo; uyilo lubalulekile.
Ukhuseleko lwee-flat-pack prefab modules aluxhomekekanga ekubeni “zii-flat-pack units” na, kodwa ekubeni ziyilwe ngokwemigangatho yobunjineli ngokusekelwe kwiindawo zokusetyenziswa zehlabathi lokwenyani.
Kubathengi, ukuchaza ngokucacileyo iimeko zemozulu, ixesha lokusetyenziswa, kunye neemfuno zokusebenza kwendawo yeprojekthi, kunye nokukhetha umthengisi onamava obunjineli kunye nenkqubo epheleleyo yobugcisa, yeyona nto iphambili ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwexesha elide kweprojekthi.
Ixesha lokuthumela: 12-02-26